Capital Gains Tax – Property

Calculate LTCG tax on property sale. Includes CII-based indexation, Section 54/54EC exemptions and net tax after reinvestment. STCG (held under 24 months) taxed at slab rate.

Capital Gains Tax — Property

LTCG 20% + indexation · STCG at slab · Sec 54 & 54EC exemptions

Holding period
Purchase price Rs 30L
Rs
Sale price Rs 80L
Rs
Section 54 exemption (new property) Rs 0

LTCG reinvested in new residential property (max Rs 10Cr)

Rs
Section 54EC bonds Rs 0

Invested in NHAI/REC bonds within 6 months (max Rs 50L)

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Capital gain
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Net gain
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Estimates only. Property LTCG includes stamp duty & registration in cost. Consult a CA for exact computation.

Property sale — gain, tax and exemptions
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Selling a property held over 24 months? LTCG tax is 20% with indexation. Buying a new residential property within 2 years (or constructing within 3 years) exempts the LTCG u/s 54. Investing up to Rs 50L in 54EC bonds (NHAI/REC) within 6 months gives additional exemption — effectively eliminating most property LTCG tax.

Capital Gains Tax on Property Sale in India

When you sell a property, the profit is taxed as a capital gain. The applicable tax rate depends on how long you held the property. Property held for more than 24 months qualifies as a long-term capital asset, attracting LTCG tax at 20% with the benefit of CII-based indexation. Property sold within 24 months is short-term, taxed at your income slab rate.

How indexation reduces your LTCG on property

Indexation adjusts your purchase cost upward for inflation using the Cost Inflation Index (CII). For a property bought at Rs 30 lakh in FY 2015-16 (CII 254) and sold in FY 2025-26 (CII ~389), your indexed cost becomes approximately Rs 45.9 lakh. Only the difference between Rs 80L sale price and Rs 45.9L indexed cost (Rs 34.1L) is taxable — not the Rs 50L raw gain. This saves significant tax on long-held property.

How to legally avoid LTCG tax on property

Section 54 allows full LTCG exemption if you reinvest the gains in a new residential property — purchased within 2 years or constructed within 3 years of the sale. Section 54EC allows investment of up to Rs 50 lakh in NHAI or REC bonds within 6 months to claim exemption. If you cannot reinvest immediately, deposit the gain in a Capital Gains Account Scheme (CGAS) before ITR filing to preserve the exemption claim.

The Rs 10 crore exemption cap

From 1 July 2023, the Section 54 and 54F exemption is capped at Rs 10 crore. For LTCG above Rs 10 crore, even full reinvestment in a new residential property will not exempt the excess gain. This cap primarily affects high-value urban property transactions.

Frequently asked questions

What is LTCG tax on property?
Long-term capital gains on property (held more than 24 months) are taxed at 20% with CII-based indexation benefit. The indexed cost is calculated as: Purchase price × (CII of sale year / CII of purchase year). This significantly reduces the taxable gain for property held many years.
What is STCG on property?
Short-term capital gains on property sold within 24 months of purchase are added to your income and taxed at your applicable income slab rate (5%, 20%, or 30% + surcharge + cess). There is no flat tax rate for property STCG.
How do I avoid LTCG tax on property?
Section 54: Reinvest LTCG in a new residential property within 2 years (purchase) or 3 years (construction) — full LTCG exempt. Section 54EC: Invest up to Rs 50L in NHAI/REC bonds within 6 months — capital gains exempt up to Rs 50L. Section 54F: If selling non-residential property, invest net sale proceeds in residential property.
What is the Section 54 exemption limit?
Effective July 2023, the Section 54 and 54F exemption is capped at Rs 10 crore. Earlier there was no cap. For LTCG above Rs 10Cr from property, you must pay tax on the excess even if you reinvest in a new house.